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Following the Harrying of the North, King William’s grueling campaign through the Pennines during winter reflects the harsh conditions faced by his army, marred by low morale, severe weather, and logistical nightmares. Despite these challenges, William’s strategic manipulation and insistence on pushing forward underscore his determination to consolidate power. The campaign, marked by extreme violence and cruelty, not only tested the limits of medieval warfare ethics but also led to a near mutiny among his knights, showcasing the complex dynamics of loyalty, ambition, and survival in William’s quest to dominate England.
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